DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC QUICK BUZZER SYSTEM

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC QUICK BUZZER SYSTEM

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Quiz buzzers are used often at places like educational institutions where it is required for game shows and also in live quiz competitions broadcasted via television. A quiz buzzer allows any user to press the switch quickly in response to a question posed during competitions that are conducted in schools and colleges (Amos, & James, 2021). The pressed switch gives a buzzing sound or alarm for some duration of time and the reaction time is very small. Buzzer can also be used in different applications such as annunciator panels; electronic metronome microwave oven and other house hold application (Rocks, & Mazur, 2021).

Conventional systems require human intervention to decide which team has pressed the button and this system can be erroneous and even biased. Another problem arises when two members pressed the button at a negligible interval and it is difficult to guess who has pressed the buzzer first (Owen, 2022). Here we designed an automatic quiz buzzer system such that when more than one team presses the buzzer, the delay is accurately taken into account and number is displayed. We build the circuit using a microcontroller which scans the input from push buttons and displays the corresponding number on a display device. It is a simple circuit with minimum number of components and

In settings such as educational institutions, where the usage of quiz buzzers is essential for game shows and also in live quiz competitions that are transmitted via television, quiz buzzers are utilised frequently. Any user can quickly press the switch on a quiz buzzer in response to a question that is being presented during competitions that are held at educational institutions such as schools and colleges (Amos, & James, 2021). When the switch is activated, there is a beeping noise or an alarm that continues for a predetermined amount of time, and the response time is extremely quick. Buzzer is versatile and can be utilised in a variety of applications, including annunciator panels, electronic metronomes, microwave ovens, and other home appliances (Rocks, & Mazur, 2021).

Conventional methods necessitate human interaction in order to determine which team has pressed the button; however, this system is not only prone to error, but it can also be biassed. Another problem occurs when two members press the button at the same time or within a very short period of each other, making it impossible to determine who was the first to press the buzzer (Owen, 2022). Here, we developed an automatic quiz buzzer system in such a way that the delay is precisely taken into account and the number is displayed whenever more than one team clicks the buzzer. We construct the circuit with the help of a microcontroller, which reads the information sent by push buttons and shows the relevant number on a display device. It is a straightforward circuit, consisting of the fewest possible components and being free of any complexity (Amos, & James, 2021). The microcontroller computes and displays an exact number by taking into consideration the amount of time that elapses between each button press. The maximum number of teams that can be managed by this system is 8, although more teams can be managed by adding another set of 8 push buttons.

1.2 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

The aim of this project is to design and construction of automatic quiz buzzer system such that when more than one team presses the buzzer, the delay is accurately taken into account and number is displayed.

1.3 JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDY

The circuit is a simple embedded system with a set of 8 push buttons being the input devices, a microcontroller as the controller and the output devices being a buzzer and a display. The whole operation is carried out by a microcontroller through a program written in C language and dumped inside the microcontroller. When one of the buttons is pressed, the buzzer starts ringing and the corresponding number is displayed on the liquid crystal display.

A quiz buzzer circuit can be implemented in several ways with the use of various controllers. These controllers include 555 timer and microcontrollers. The 555 timer based buzzer circuit is a simple and low-cost device wherein the time duration is determined by the resistor and capacitor value (RC constant). A microcontroller based buzzer circuit is a programmable timer wherein the time duration can be varied by changing the program code of the microcontroller.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The whole design process involves six steps. First step requires designing the circuit; the second step is drawing the circuit on any software like Proteus. The third step involves writing the code using high level language or assembly language and then compiling it on a software platform like Kielu Vision. The fourth step is dumping the code in microcontroller and fifth step is simulating the circuit.

The circuit involves using five major components – a Microcontroller, 8 SPST push buttons, a buzzer and liquid crystal display. The microcontroller used in this case is AT89C51, an 8 bit microcontroller manufactured by Atmel.

Reset Circuit Design

The reset resistor is selected such that the voltage at the reset pin, across this resistor is at minimum of 1.2V and the width of the pulse applied to this pin is greater than 100ms. Here we select a resistor of 100K ohms and a capacitor of 10uF.

Oscillator Circuit Design

The oscillator circuit is designed using a crystal oscillator of 12 MHz and two ceramic capacitors each 15pF. The crystal is connected between pins 18 and 19 of the microcontroller

Microcontroller Interfacing Design

The set of 8 push buttons are interfaced to port P1 of the microcontroller and a buzzer is interfaced to the port pin P0.0. The liquid crystal display is interfaced to the microcontroller such that all the input pins are connected to port P2.

Microcontroller Code

The code can be written using C language or assembly language. Here we select to write the program in C language using Kielu Vision. This is accomplished by the following steps

1. Create a new project on Kiel window and select the target.
2. Create a new file under the project and write the code.
3. Save the code with .c extension and add the file to the source group folder under the target folder.
4. Configure flash tools and create the hex file.
5. Compile the code by pressing F7.

Once the code is compiled and a hex file is created, next step is to dump the code into the microcontroller. Since here we are not using any hardware device, we simply use Proteus to dump the code. This is done by first drawing the circuit on Proteus and then adding the code to the microcontroller by right clicking on the device.

1.5 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE

Once the circuit is powered, the compiler will initialize the stack pointer and the variables having the non-zero initial values and perform other initialization process and then calls the main function. It then checks if any of the buttons is pressed. In other words the microcontroller scans for any of its input pins at port P1 to be zero or at logic low level. In case pressed, the display function is called by passing the corresponding number. The microcontroller then sends the relevant signals to the port connected to the liquid crystal display. The BCD to liquid crystal decoding operation is not required in this case as direct values are send to the port pins or the input pins of the liquid crystal display such that the corresponding LEDs start glowing and the number is displayed. Simultaneously, a high logic signal is also sent to the buzzer pin such that current flows through the device and the buzzer start ringing.

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